2023-2024 saw a significant increase in the frequency and intensity of high-tension incidents in the South China Sea. These tensions have led to discussions about whether some of the actions could still be classified as ‘gray’ or could already be classified as ‘use of force,’ or ‘armed attack’. In this panel, experts will review these incidents to generate insights into the root causes of the heightening tensions and evaluate how these incidents have gradually threatened the rule of law in the South China Sea. The session will also explore actionable recommendations to prevent further escalation and discourage coercion and use of force.